How to Differentiate Between 351C and 351M Engines

Wondering how to tell the difference between a 351c and a 351m engine? You’re not alone. Many car enthusiasts struggle with distinguishing these two similar engines. But fear not, I’ll break it down for you.

Firstly, let’s start with the basics. Both the 351c and 351m engines were produced by Ford during the 1970s. The “c” in 351c stands for Cleveland, referring to the engine’s manufacturing location in Cleveland, Ohio. On the other hand, the “m” in 351m stands for Modified, indicating that it is an updated version of the original Cleveland engine.

One key difference between the two engines lies in their cylinder heads. The 351c features closed-chambered heads, while the 351m has open-chambered heads. This distinction affects the combustion process and performance characteristics of each engine. Additionally, the 351c utilizes larger intake valves compared to the 351m, resulting in improved airflow and potentially higher power output.

So, if you’re looking to identify whether you have a 351c or a 351m engine, pay close attention to the cylinder heads. The closed-chambered heads indicate a 351c, while open-chambered heads point towards a 351m. Of course, there may be other subtle differences depending on specific model years and variations, but this should give you a good starting point in telling them apart.

Remember, when it comes to engine identification, consulting an expert or referring to official documentation is always recommended for accurate information.
351C vs. 351M: Understanding the Key Differences

When it comes to differentiating between the 351C and 351M engines, there are a few key factors to consider. Both engines were produced by Ford, but they have distinct characteristics that set them apart. Let’s dive into the details and explore the differences between these two powerhouses.

1. Design and Construction:
   The 351C, also known as the “Cleveland,” was introduced in the early 1970s and gained popularity for its performance capabilities. It featured a unique canted valve design, which improved airflow and combustion efficiency. This engine had larger ports and valves compared to its predecessor, the Windsor engine.

On the other hand, the 351M, or “Modified,” was released in the mid-1970s as an updated version of the Cleveland. While it shared some similarities with the 351C, such as the deck height and bore spacing, it had smaller ports and valves. The 351M was designed to meet emission regulations and provide better low-end torque for heavier vehicles.

2. Compression Ratio:
   Another significant difference between the two engines lies in their compression ratios. The 351C typically had higher compression ratios, ranging from 9:1 to 11:1, depending on the specific variant. This contributed to its reputation for delivering impressive horsepower and high-performance capabilities.

In contrast, the 351M had lower compression ratios, usually around 8:1 to 8.6:1. The reduced compression ratio helped enhance low-end torque, making it more suitable for towing applications or vehicles that required extra pulling power.

3. Cylinder Heads:
   The cylinder heads on these engines also varied in design and functionality. The 351C utilized what is commonly referred to as “open chamber” heads, which had larger combustion chambers. This design promoted better airflow at high RPMs, contributing to increased horsepower.

On the other hand, the 351M featured “quench chamber” heads, which had smaller combustion chambers. This design aimed to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions by promoting better combustion at lower RPMs.

4. Aftermarket Support:
   When considering these engines, it’s essential to factor in aftermarket support. The 351C enjoys a more extensive range of aftermarket performance parts and upgrades due to its popularity among car enthusiasts. From high-performance camshafts to aluminum intake manifolds, there are numerous options available to enhance the performance of a 351C engine.

While the 351M has a more limited selection of aftermarket parts, there are still options available for those looking to modify or improve their engine’s performance.

In conclusion, understanding the differences between the 351C and 351M engines is crucial for anyone considering these powerplants for their vehicle. From design and construction to compression ratios and cylinder head configurations, each engine offers distinct advantages depending on your specific needs and preferences.
Cylinder Block Design: What Sets Them Apart

When it comes to distinguishing between the 351c and 351m engines, one of the key factors to consider is their cylinder block design. Understanding the differences in this aspect can help you identify which engine you’re dealing with. Let’s delve into the specifics:

1. External Appearance:
   The first noticeable difference lies in the external appearance of the cylinder blocks. The 351c features a distinctive “Cleveland” lettering cast into the side of the block, whereas the 351m does not have any specific markings. This simple visual clue can be a quick way to differentiate between the two engines.
2. Deck Height:
   Another important aspect is the deck height, which refers to the distance between the crankshaft centerline and the top of the block where the cylinder heads are mounted. The 351c has a taller deck height compared to the 351m. This variation affects various engine components, including pistons, connecting rods, and cylinder heads, making them incompatible between the two engines.
3. Main Bearing Caps:
   Examining the main bearing caps can provide further insight into distinguishing these engines. The 351c utilizes four-bolt main bearing caps, providing increased strength and stability for high-performance applications. On the other hand, the 351m employs two-bolt main bearing caps, which are suitable for more standard applications.
4. Water Jacket Design:
   The water jacket design also sets these engines apart. The 351c features a “siamese” water jacket design, meaning that some of the cylinders share a common wall, enhancing cooling efficiency. In contrast, the 351m has individual water jackets for each cylinder, allowing for better heat dissipation.

By paying attention to these aspects of cylinder block design, you can confidently differentiate between the 351c and 351m engines. Remember to consider external markings, deck height, main bearing caps, and water jacket design. These factors collectively contribute to the unique characteristics of each engine, ultimately helping you make an accurate identification.

Now that we’ve explored the cylinder block design, let’s move on to other distinguishing features between the 351c and 351m engines. Stay tuned for more valuable insights in the upcoming sections of this article.
Identifying the Cylinder Heads: A Clue to Differentiation

When it comes to distinguishing between the 351C and 351M engines, one of the key factors lies in the cylinder heads. These vital components can provide valuable clues that help differentiate between the two engine types. Let’s dive into some key aspects to look for when identifying the cylinder heads.

1. Combustion Chamber Design:
   The combustion chamber design is a crucial element to consider. The 351C engine typically features closed or quench-style combustion chambers, which have smaller volumes and promote efficient combustion. On the other hand, the 351M engine commonly utilizes open or large chamber designs, resulting in larger combustion volumes.
2. Valve Sizes:
   Another differentiating factor is the valve sizes used in the cylinder heads. The 351C usually comes with larger intake and exhaust valves compared to the 351M. This disparity in valve sizes directly affects the engine’s airflow capabilities and overall performance.
3. Casting Numbers:
   Casting numbers imprinted on the cylinder heads can be an excellent way to identify their origin. These alphanumeric codes provide specific information about the manufacturer, year of production, and even the type of engine. Consulting a reliable reference guide or online resource can help decipher these casting numbers and determine if they correspond to a 351C or 351M.
4. Port Design:
   The port design on the cylinder heads is another critical aspect to consider. The 351C engine typically features “quench” heads with smaller, high-velocity ports that contribute to increased power output. In contrast, the 351M engine often incorporates larger, lower-velocity ports that prioritize low-end torque.
5. Compression Ratios:
   Lastly, comparing compression ratios can provide additional insights into differentiating between the two engines. The 351C generally has higher compression ratios due to its closed chamber design, resulting in improved power potential. Conversely, the 351M’s open chamber design typically leads to lower compression ratios, favoring low-end torque production.

By examining these key characteristics, including combustion chamber design, valve sizes, casting numbers, port design, and compression ratios, you can successfully identify the cylinder heads and differentiate between the 351C and 351M engines.

Remember, it’s always crucial to consult official documentation or seek expert advice to ensure accurate identification and avoid any potential confusion.
Crankshaft Variations: How to Spot the Discrepancies

When it comes to differentiating between a 351C and a 351M crankshaft, there are a few key factors to consider. These variations may seem subtle at first glance, but they can have a significant impact on the performance and compatibility of your engine. Let’s delve into the details and learn how to spot these discrepancies.

1. Crankshaft Design:
   The design of the crankshaft is one of the primary indicators of whether you’re dealing with a 351C or a 351M. The 351C crankshaft features a three-bolt flange, while the 351M crankshaft has a four-bolt flange. This difference in bolt pattern is crucial because it affects the compatibility with other engine components and accessories.
2. Casting Numbers:
   Another way to distinguish between these two crankshafts is by examining the casting numbers. These numbers are usually found near the main bearing journals or counterweights. For instance, a 351C crankshaft typically has casting numbers starting with “D1AE” or “D0AE,” whereas a 351M crankshaft may have casting numbers beginning with “D4AE” or “D5AE.” Paying attention to these codes can help you identify the specific type of crankshaft you have.
3. Stroke Length:
   The stroke length is an essential characteristic that sets apart the 351C and 351M crankshafts. The 351C crankshaft has a shorter stroke length of 3.50 inches, while the 351M crankshaft has a longer stroke length of 3.50 inches. This discrepancy affects the engine’s displacement and performance capabilities, so it’s crucial to measure and compare this aspect accurately.
4. External Balancing:
   One more distinction between these crankshafts lies in their external balancing requirements. The 351C crankshaft is externally balanced, meaning it requires the use of a harmonic balancer and flywheel or flexplate with counterweights. On the other hand, the 351M crankshaft is internally balanced, eliminating the need for additional counterweights. Checking whether your crankshaft requires external balancing can help ensure proper engine operation.

By paying close attention to these factors – crankshaft design, casting numbers, stroke length, and external balancing – you’ll be able to spot the discrepancies between a 351C and a 351M crankshaft. This knowledge will empower you to make informed decisions when it comes to engine upgrades, replacements, or repairs. So, next time you’re working on your Ford engine, take a moment to identify which type of crankshaft you have for optimal performance and compatibility.
Valvetrain Components: Notable Contrasts

When it comes to distinguishing between the 351C and 351M engines, one of the key areas to examine is their valvetrain components. By understanding the notable contrasts in this aspect, you can gain valuable insights into these two engine variants. Let’s delve into the differences:

1. Valve Size and Configuration:
   The 351C and 351M engines feature different valve sizes and configurations. The 351C engine boasts larger valves, with a diameter of 2.19 inches on the intake side and 1.71 inches on the exhaust side. In contrast, the 351M engine has slightly smaller valves, measuring at 2.04 inches for intake and 1.66 inches for exhaust. This variation in valve size directly impacts the engine’s airflow capabilities and overall performance.
2. Cylinder Head Design:
   Another significant contrast lies in the cylinder head design of these engines. The 351C engine incorporates “Cleveland” heads, which are renowned for their superior performance characteristics. These heads have canted valves that allow for improved airflow and combustion efficiency. On the other hand, the 351M engine utilizes “Modified” heads, which have a different valve angle and port design compared to the Cleveland heads. While still capable, the Modified heads do not offer the same level of performance as their Cleveland counterparts.
3. Compression Ratio:
   The compression ratio is yet another factor that sets these engines apart. The 351C engine typically has a higher compression ratio than the 351M engine. This difference affects the engine’s power output and overall efficiency. A higher compression ratio often translates to increased horsepower and torque, making the 351C engine more suitable for high-performance applications.
4. Aftermarket Support:
   Considering aftermarket support is essential when comparing these engines’ valvetrain components. The 351C enjoys a more extensive range of aftermarket parts availability due to its popularity among performance enthusiasts. This means you’ll have a wider selection of performance-oriented valvetrain components, such as camshafts, lifters, and rocker arms, for the 351C engine. While the 351M may have some aftermarket support, it may not be as extensive or diverse as that of the 351C.

In summary, when examining the valvetrain components of the 351C and 351M engines, notable contrasts become evident. These differences encompass valve size and configuration, cylinder head design, compression ratio, and aftermarket support. By understanding these distinctions, you can make informed decisions when it comes to engine selection and modification.
Fuel System Variances: An Important Distinction

When it comes to differentiating between the 351C and 351M engines, one crucial area to consider is their fuel systems. Understanding the variances in their fuel delivery mechanisms can help enthusiasts and mechanics accurately identify these engines. Let’s delve into the key distinctions in their fuel systems:

1. Carburetor Design:
   The 351C and 351M engines feature different carburetor designs, which play a significant role in their performance characteristics. The 351C utilizes a traditional 4-barrel carburetor, providing efficient fuel delivery for optimal power output. On the other hand, the 351M employs a unique spread-bore carburetor design, offering improved fuel atomization and enhanced low-end torque.
2. Fuel Pump Specifications:
   Another critical distinction lies in the fuel pump specifications of these engines. The 351C typically utilizes a mechanical fuel pump, driven by an eccentric on the camshaft. This type of pump ensures consistent fuel pressure and flow rate. In contrast, the 351M often incorporates an electric fuel pump, providing more precise control over fuel delivery and allowing for easier installation and maintenance.
3. Fuel Line Connections:
   Examining the fuel line connections can also help differentiate between these two engine types. The 351C typically features a threaded fitting for the fuel line connection on the carburetor, requiring a screw-on connection. Conversely, the 351M often incorporates a quick-connect fitting, enabling a faster and simpler connection method.

Understanding these fuel system variances is crucial when identifying whether an engine is a 351C or 351M. By examining the carburetor design, fuel pump specifications, and fuel line connections, you can confidently determine which engine variant you’re working with.

Remember to consult reliable sources and reference manuals specific to your vehicle’s make and model for accurate information on identifying these engines based on their unique fuel system characteristics.
Performance and Power Output: Comparing the Numbers

When it comes to distinguishing between the 351C and 351M engines, one of the key factors to consider is their performance and power output. Let’s delve into the numbers and see how these two engines stack up against each other.

1. Horsepower and Torque:
   The 351C and 351M engines have different power characteristics that can significantly impact their performance. Here’s a breakdown of their horsepower and torque figures:

• The 351C: Known for its high-revving nature, the 351C was designed to deliver impressive power at higher RPMs. It boasts a maximum horsepower ranging from 250 to 330, depending on the specific variant. The torque output typically falls between 305 and 380 lb-ft, providing ample low-end grunt.
• The 351M: In contrast, the 351M focuses more on low-end torque for enhanced off-the-line acceleration. It generally produces horsepower in the range of 144 to 173, which is noticeably lower than the 351C. However, its torque output ranges from 277 to 286 lb-ft, offering strong pulling power at lower RPMs.

2. Compression Ratio:
   Another aspect that affects an engine’s performance is the compression ratio. The compression ratio determines how efficiently the engine can extract power from the fuel-air mixture. Here’s a comparison of the compression ratios for both engines:

• The 351C: This engine typically features a higher compression ratio, ranging from around 9.5:1 to 11.7:1. A higher compression ratio allows for better combustion efficiency and increased power output.
• The 351M: On the other hand, the 351M usually has a lower compression ratio compared to the 351C. It commonly falls within the range of approximately 8.0:1 to 8.6:1. While this lower ratio may result in slightly reduced power output, it can also provide improved fuel efficiency and better tolerance for lower-octane fuels.

3. Carburetion and Fuel Delivery:
   Carburetion plays a significant role in determining an engine’s power delivery characteristics. Let’s take a look at how the 351C and 351M differ in terms of carburetion:

• The 351C: It typically utilizes a four-barrel carburetor, which allows for better airflow and fuel delivery to the engine. This setup contributes to improved performance and responsiveness, especially at higher RPMs.
• The 351M: In comparison, the 351M often comes equipped with a two-barrel carburetor. While it may not offer the same level of airflow and fuel delivery as the 351C, it provides smoother throttle response and increased fuel economy.

By examining these key performance factors, including horsepower, torque, compression ratio, and carburetion, we can gain a better understanding of the differences between the 351C and 351M engines. Whether you’re seeking high-revving power or low-end torque, each engine has its own strengths that cater to specific driving preferences and needs.
Aftermarket support and availability are crucial factors to consider when distinguishing between the 351C and 351M engines. Let’s delve into the comparison and see which one comes out on top in terms of accessibility for parts, upgrades, and overall support.

1. Parts Availability:
   When it comes to finding replacement parts for your engine, the 351C has a clear advantage. This engine was produced in larger numbers and enjoyed popularity among car enthusiasts, making it easier to find both original and aftermarket parts. From cylinder heads to intake manifolds, you’ll have a wider range of options for your 351C.

On the other hand, the 351M may pose a bit of a challenge in terms of parts availability. This engine was not as widely produced or sought after as the 351C, resulting in a smaller pool of available components. While you can still find some parts for the 351M, you might need to invest more time and effort in your search.

2. Aftermarket Support:
   When it comes to aftermarket support, the 351C once again takes the lead. Due to its popularity and performance capabilities, there is a thriving market for aftermarket upgrades and modifications specifically designed for this engine. Whether you’re looking to boost horsepower or enhance overall performance, you’ll find a plethora of options tailored to the 351C.

In contrast, the 351M doesn’t enjoy the same level of aftermarket support as its counterpart. While there are still some aftermarket options available for the 351M, they might be more limited compared to what’s available for the 351C. If you’re planning extensive modifications or upgrades, it’s important to consider this aspect before making your decision.

3. Community and Knowledge Base:
   The strength of an engine’s community and knowledge base can greatly impact your ownership experience. In this regard, both the 351C and 351M have dedicated communities of enthusiasts who share their experiences and knowledge.

However, due to its larger following, the 351C community tends to be more active and extensive. This means you’ll have access to a wealth of information, forums, and resources specific to the 351C. On the other hand, while the 351M community might be smaller in comparison, it still offers valuable insights and support for owners of this engine.

In conclusion, when it comes to aftermarket support and availability, the 351C emerges as the winner. With its wider range of parts, extensive aftermarket options, and a larger community, it provides a more accessible and supported experience for enthusiasts. However, it’s important to consider your specific needs and goals when making a decision between these two engines.
Conclusion

In summary, distinguishing between the 351C and 351M engines can be challenging due to their similarities. However, by examining certain key factors, it is possible to differentiate between the two. Here are the main points to consider:

1. Cylinder Head Design: The most significant difference between the 351C and 351M lies in their cylinder head design. The 351C features closed chamber heads with large ports and valves, while the 351M has open chamber heads with smaller ports and valves.
2. Compression Ratio: Another distinguishing factor is the compression ratio. The 351C typically has a higher compression ratio compared to the 351M. This can affect performance and fuel efficiency.
3. Engine Block Identification: Identifying the engine block itself can provide valuable clues. The 351C usually has “D2AE” or “D4AE” castings on the block, while the 351M typically has “D5AE” or “D7TE” castings.
4. External Accessories: Pay attention to any external accessories or components attached to the engine. These may differ between the two models, such as carburetors, distributors, or intake manifolds.
5. Vehicle Year and Model: Consider the year and model of the vehicle in question. The availability of the 351C and 351M engines varied over time, so consulting historical data or vehicle documentation can help determine which engine was originally installed.

Remember that these guidelines serve as general indicators and there may be exceptions or variations depending on specific circumstances. If you are still unsure about the engine type, consulting an experienced mechanic or referring to official documentation can provide further clarification.

Overall, being able to tell the difference between the 351C and 351M engines requires careful observation and knowledge of their distinctive characteristics. By considering factors such as cylinder head design, compression ratio, engine block identification, external accessories, and vehicle information, you can confidently identify which engine you are dealing with.